Ma bioplastics amapangidwa ndi ma polima opangidwa ndi bio ndipo amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokhazikika komanso zongowonjezedwanso, monga chimanga kapena nzimbe.
Ma bioplastics amagwira ntchito pafupifupi mofanana ndi mapulasitiki opangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta, ndipo amawagonjetsa mofulumira kwambiri ngati chinthu choyikapo.Kuneneratu kochititsa chidwi kwa asayansi ndikuti bioplastics imatha kuchepetsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide ndi 70%.Amakhalanso ndi 65% yowonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi akamapangidwa, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala njira yosamalira chilengedwe.
Ngakhale pali mitundu ina yambiri ya bioplastics, zotengera za polylactic acid (PLA) ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Kwa okazinga omwe akufunafuna zinthu zokongola koma zosamalira zachilengedwe kuti azipaka khofi wawo, PLA ili ndi mwayi waukulu.
Komabe, chifukwa PLA matumba khofi ndi recyclable ndi biodegradable pansi zinthu zina, iwo ali pachiwopsezo greenwashing.Owotcha ndi malo odyera khofi ayenera kudziwitsa makasitomala za momwe PLA yapakapaka komanso kutayidwa koyenera popeza malamulo afika pamakampani omwe akukula mwachangu a bioplastics.
Pitilizani kuwerenga kuti mudziwe momwe mungalankhulire ndi ogula kuti zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti matumba a khofi a PLA awonongeke.
PLA?
Bizinesi yopangira fiber idasinthidwa ndi Wallace Carothers, wasayansi waku America komanso woyambitsa, yemwe amadziwika kwambiri popanga nayiloni ndi polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Kuphatikiza apo, adapeza PLA.Carothers ndi asayansi ena adapeza kuti lactic acid yoyera imatha kusinthidwa ndikupangidwa kukhala ma polima.
Zosungira zakudya zachikhalidwe, zokometsera, ndi zochiritsa zimaphatikizapo lactic acid.Pothirira ndi wowuma ndi ma polysaccharides ena kapena shuga wochuluka m'zomera, amatha kusinthidwa kukhala ma polima.
Polima wotsatirayo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ulusi wopanda poizoni, wowola ndi biodegradable thermoplastic filaments.
Kukaniza kwake kwamakina ndi kutentha kumalepheretsa.Chifukwa chake, idataya polyethylene terephthalate, yomwe inalipo kwambiri panthawiyo.
Ngakhale izi, PLA akanakhoza ntchito biomedicine chifukwa kulemera kwake otsika ndi biocompatibility, makamaka monga minofu uinjiniya scaffold zakuthupi, sutures, kapena zomangira.
Zinthu izi zimatha kukhalapo kwakanthawi zisanawonongeke zokha komanso popanda kuvulaza chifukwa cha PLA.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, zinapezeka kuti kuphatikiza PLA ndi kukhuthala enieni akhoza kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yake ndi biodegradability pamene kuchepetsa mtengo kupanga.Izi zinapangitsa kuti pakhale filimu ya PLA yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zolembera zosinthika zikaphatikizidwa ndi jekeseni ndi ukadaulo wina wosungunula.
Ofufuza akuyembekeza kuti PLA idzakhala yokwera mtengo kwambiri kuti ipange, yomwe ndi nkhani yabwino kwa malo odyera khofi ndi okazinga.
Pomwe kufunikira kwa ma CD osinthika kumakwera chifukwa cha kusankha kwamakasitomala pazosunga zachilengedwe komanso zobwezerezedwanso, msika wapadziko lonse wa PLA ukuyembekezeka kupitilira $2.7 miliyoni pofika 2030.
Kuonjezera apo, PLA ikhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku zinyalala zaulimi ndi nkhalango kupewa kupikisana ndi magwero a chakudya.
Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti matumba a khofi a PLA awonongeke?
Ma polima achikale opangidwa kuchokera ku petroleum amatha kutenga zaka chikwi kuti awole.
Mwinanso, kuwonongeka kwa PLA kukhala mpweya woipa (CO2) ndi madzi zimatha kutenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka zaka ziwiri.
Ngakhale izi, malo osonkhanitsira a PLA akusinthabe bizinesi yomwe ikukula ya bioplastics.16% yokha ya zinyalala zomwe zitha kusonkhanitsidwa tsopano ku European Union.
Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa ma CD a PLA, ndizotheka kuti awononge mitsinje yosiyanasiyana ya zinyalala, kusakaniza ndi mapulasitiki wamba, ndikumaliza m'malo otayirako kapena zowotcha.
Matumba a khofi opangidwa ndi PLA ayenera kutayidwa pamalo apadera opangira manyowa omwe amatha kuwola.Chifukwa cha kutentha kwenikweni ndi kuchuluka kwa carbon, oxygen, ndi nitrogen, zimenezi zingatenge masiku 180.
Ngati kuyika kwa PLA sikuwonongeka pazifukwa izi, njirayi imatha kupanga ma microplastics, omwe ndi oyipa kwa chilengedwe.
Chifukwa choyikapo khofi sichimapangidwa kawirikawiri kuchokera ku chinthu chimodzi, njirayi imakhala yovuta kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, matumba ambiri a khofi amakhala ndi zipper, zomangira malata, kapena ma valve ochotsa mpweya.
Ikhozanso kuikidwa pamzere kuti ipereke gawo lina la chitetezo chotchinga.Chifukwa chotheka kuti gawo lililonse liyenera kukonzedwa padera, zinthu ngati izi zimatha kupanga matumba a khofi a PLA kukhala ovuta kutaya.
Kugwiritsa ntchito matumba a khofi a PLA
Kwa okazinga ambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito PLA kuyika khofi ndi njira yabwino komanso yodalirika.
Mfundo yakuti khofi wothira ndi wokazinga ndi zinthu zouma ndi mwayi waukulu.Izi zikuwonetsa kuti matumba a khofi a PLA safunikira kutsukidwa akagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa alibe zoipitsa.
Kuonjezera apo, makasitomala akhoza kulembedwa ndi okazinga ndi masitolo ogulitsa khofi kuti athandize kuteteza PLA kulongedza kutha kutayira.Malangizo osindikizira obwezeretsanso ndi kulekanitsa pamapaketi a khofi akwaniritsa izi.
Owotcha ndi masitolo a khofi amatha kulimbikitsa ogula kuti abweze zotengera zawo zopanda kanthu kuti agule khofi yotsika ngati palibe malo oyandikana nawo oti atolere ndi kukonza PLA.
Eni mabizinesi atha kuonetsetsa kuti matumba a khofi a PLA atumizidwa kumalo oyenera obwezeretsanso.
Zitha kukhala zosavuta kutaya ma CD a PLA posachedwa.Makamaka, mayiko 175 adalonjeza kuti asiya kuyipitsa pulasitiki ku United Nations Environment Assembly mu 2022.
Zotsatira zake, maboma ochulukirapo atha kupanga ndalama zamtsogolo muzomangamanga zofunika kupanga bioplastics.
Gulu lofuna kugwiritsa ntchito bioplastics likukulirakulira pomwe zinyalala za pulasitiki zikupitilira kuwononga chilengedwe komanso kukhudza thanzi la anthu ndi nyama.
Pogwira ntchito ndi katswiri wazolongedza khofi, mutha kukhazikitsa zosunga zokometsera zachilengedwe zomwe zili ndi zotsatirapo ndipo sizimayambitsa zatsopano kwa aliyense.
Matumba osiyanasiyana a khofi ochokera ku CYANPAK amapezeka ndi mkati mwa PLA.Makasitomala amatha kusankha yankho lopangidwa ndi kompositi ikaphatikizidwa ndi pepala la kraft.
Timaperekanso zolongedza zomwe zimatha compostable, biodegradable, ndi recyclable zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zongowonjezedwanso, monga pepala la mpunga.
Kuphatikiza apo, titha kugwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira a digito kuti tisinthe matumba a khofi kuti aphatikizepo kukonzanso ndi kulekanitsa malangizo.Ziribe kanthu kukula kapena zakuthupi, titha kuperekera zinthu zotsika mtengo (MOQs) zolongedza ndi nthawi yosinthira ya maola 40 komanso nthawi yotumiza maola 24.
Ma valve ochotsa mpweya omwe amatha kubwezeretsedwanso komanso opanda BPA amapezekanso;atha kusinthidwanso ndi chidebe chotsalira cha khofi.Mavavuwa samangopanga chinthu chomwe chimakhala chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kwa ogula komanso chimachepetsanso zotsatira zoyipa za kulongedza khofi pa chilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-29-2022