Ama-Bioplastics enziwe ngama-polymers asekelwe ku-bio futhi akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izinsiza eziqhubekayo nezivuselelekayo, njengommbila noma umoba.
Ama-Bioplastics asebenza cishe ngokufana namapulasitiki enziwe nge-petroleum, futhi adlula ngokushesha ekudumeni kwawo njengempahla yokupakisha.Isibikezelo esiphawulekayo esivela kososayensi ukuthi i-bioplastics inganciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide cishe ngama-70%.Ziphinde zisebenzise ugesi ngo-65% uma zikhiqizwa, okuwenza abe yinketho ebhekelele imvelo.
Nakuba zikhona ezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-bioplastics, i-polylactic acid (PLA)-based packaging iwuhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu.Kulabo abarosayo abafuna into enhle kodwa enomthwalo wemfanelo kwimvelo ukuze bapakishe ikhofi labo, i-PLA inamathuba amakhulu kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi izikhwama zekhofi ze-PLA ziyakwazi ukuphinda zisetshenziswe futhi zibola phansi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, zisengozini yokuwashwa ngokuluhlaza.Ama-roasters namakhofi kufanele azise amakhasimende ngesimo sokupakishwa kwe-PLA kanye nokulahlwa okufanele njengoba umthetho ufinyelela embonini ekhula ngokushesha ye-bioplastics.
Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungaxhumana kanjani nabathengi ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi izikhwama zekhofi ze-PLA zihlakazeke.
I-PLA?
Ibhizinisi le-fiber yokwenziwa lashintshwa nguWallace Carothers, usokhemisi nomsunguli waseMelika, owaziwa kakhulu ngokwakha inayiloni ne-polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, wathola i-PLA.I-Carothers nabanye ososayensi bathola ukuthi i-lactic acid emsulwa ingaguqulwa futhi ihlanganiswe ibe ama-polymer.
Izinqamuleli zokudla zendabuko, izinambitheka, nama-ejenti okwelapha zihlanganisa i-lactic acid.Ngokuyivubela ngesitashi namanye ama-polysaccharides noma ushukela omningi ezimila, ingaguqulwa ibe ama-polymers.
I-polymer ewumphumela ingase isetshenziselwe ukwakha imicu ye-thermoplastic engenabuthi, ebolayo.
Kodwa-ke, ukumelana kwayo ngomshini nokokushisa kuyabambezeleka.Ngenxa yalokho, yalahlekelwa i-polyethylene terephthalate, eyayitholakala kabanzi ngaleso sikhathi.
Naphezu kwalokhu, i-PLA ingase iqashwe ku-biomedicine ngenxa yesisindo sayo esiphansi kanye nokuvumelana kwe-biocompatibility, ikakhulukazi njengento yobunjiniyela bezicubu zescaffold, ama-sutures, noma izikulufu.
Lezi zinto zingahlala endaweni isikhashana ngaphambi kokululaza ngokuzenzekelayo futhi ngaphandle kokulimala ngenxa ye-PLA.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwatholakala ukuthi ukuhlanganisa i-PLA nesitashi esithile kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo kanye nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo kuyilapho kunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.Lokhu kube nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwefilimu ye-PLA engase isetshenziselwe ukwenza ukupakishwa okuvumelana nezimo uma kuhlanganiswe nokubumba umjovo kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokuncibilika kokuncibilika.
Abacwaningi balindele ukuthi i-PLA izoba nenani elithe xaxa ukuze ikhiqizwe, okuyizindaba ezinhle zamakhofi namarosa.
Njengoba isidingo sokupakishwa esivumelana nezimo sikhuphuka ngenxa yokukhethwa kwamakhasimende kwezinto zokupakisha ezinobungani bemvelo neziphinde zigaywe kabusha, imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-PLA kulindeleke ukuthi idlule ku-$2.7 million ngo-2030.
Ukwengeza, i-PLA ingenziwa ngodoti wezolimo namahlathi ukuze kugwenywe ukuncintisana nemithombo yokudla.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi izikhwama zekhofi ze-PLA ziqhekeke?
Ama-polymers endabuko enziwe nge-petroleum angathatha iminyaka eyinkulungwane ukubola.
Okunye, ukuhlukana kwe-PLA ibe yi-carbon dioxide (CO2) kanye namanzi kungase kuthathe noma yikuphi kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni emibili.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izindawo zokuqoqa i-PLA zisalungisa ibhizinisi elikhulayo le-bioplastics.I-16% kuphela yemfucumfucu engase iqoqwe manje e-European Union.
Ngenxa yokuvama kokupakishwa kwe-PLA, kuyenzeka ukuthi kungcolise imifudlana ehlukahlukene yemfucuza, kuxutshwe namapulasitiki avamile, bese kuphelela ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu noma ezishiseni.
Izikhwama zekhofi ezenziwe nge-PLA kufanele zilahlwe endaweni ekhethekile yokwenza umquba wezimboni lapho zingabola khona ngokuphelele.Ngenxa yesethi ethile yamazinga okushisa anembile namanani ekhabhoni, umoya-mpilo, ne-nitrogen, le nqubo ingathatha izinsuku ezingafika kweziyi-180.
Uma ukupakishwa kwe-PLA kungonakalisi ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, inqubo ingase ikhiqize ama-microplastics, angalungile emvelweni.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukupakishwa kwekhofi akuvamile ukwakhiwa ngento eyodwa, inqubo iba nzima kakhulu.Isibonelo, izikhwama eziningi zekhofi zinaziphu, othayi bamathayela, noma amavalvu okukhipha umoya.
Ingase futhi ifakwe kulayini ukuze inikeze isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela umgoqo.Ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye idinga ukucutshungulwa ngokuhlukana, izici ezifana nalezi zingenza izikhwama zekhofi ze-PLA kube nzima ukuzilahla.
Ukusebenzisa izikhwama zekhofi ze-PLA
Kwabagazingi abaningi, ukusebenzisa i-PLA ukupakisha ikhofi kuyindlela elula futhi enomthwalo wemfanelo.
Iqiniso lokuthi kokubili ikhofi eliphansi nelogazingiwe kuyimpahla eyomile kuyinzuzo enkulu.Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi izikhwama zekhofi ze-PLA ngeke zidinge ukuhlanzwa ngemva kokusetshenziswa ngoba azinakho ukungcola.
Ukwengeza, amakhasimende angabuthwa ama-roasters nezitolo zekhofi ukusiza ukuvimbela ukupakishwa kwe-PLA ukuthi kugcine sekugcwele izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu.Amakhasimende kufanele aqaphele ukuthi yiziphi izikhwama zekhofi zomgqomo ogaywa kabusha we-PLA okufanele zifakwe kuzo ngemva kokusetshenziswa.Imiyalo yokuphrinta kabusha nokuhlukanisa emaphaketheni ekhofi izofeza lokhu.
Amarosa kanye nezitolo zekhofi zingakhuthaza abathengi ukuthi babuyisele amaphakheji abo angenalutho ukuze bathole ikhofi elinesaphulelo uma zingekho izindawo eziseduze zokuqoqa nokucubungula i-PLA.
Abanikazi bamabhizinisi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi izikhwama zekhofi ezisetshenzisiwe ze-PLA zilethwa esikhungweni sokugaywa kabusha esifanele.
Kungase kube lula ukulahla amaphakheji e-PLA esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.Ngokuphawulekayo, amazwe angu-175 enza isibophezelo sokumisa ukungcoliswa kwawo kwepulasitiki eMhlanganweni Wezemvelo Wenhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene ngo-2022.
Ngenxa yalokho, ohulumeni abaningi bangase batshale imali esikhathini esizayo kwingqalasizinda edingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe i-bioplastics.
Umnyakazo wokwamukela ama-bioplastic uya udlondlobala njengoba imfucuza yepulasitiki iqhubeka nokucekela phansi imvelo futhi ithinte impilo yabantu neyezilwane.
Ngokusebenzisana nochwepheshe bokupakisha ikhofi, ungasebenzisa ukupakisha okuvumelana nemvelo okunomthelela wangempela futhi okungabangeli izinkinga ezintsha kunoma ubani.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezikhwama zekhofi ezivela ku-CYANPAK ziyatholakala nge-PLA yangaphakathi.Amakhasimende angakhetha isisombululo esivundiswe ngokuphelele uma sihlanganiswa nephepha le-kraft.
Siphinde futhi sinikeze amaphakheji ahlanganiswayo, abolayo, futhi agaywa kabusha akhiqizwa ngezinsiza ezivuselelekayo, njengephepha lerayisi.
Ukwengeza, singasebenzisa ukuphrinta kwedijithali ukwenza izikhwama zekhofi ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze zibandakanye imiyalelo yokugaywa kabusha nokuhlukanisa.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usayizi noma i-material, singanikeza amanani aphansi aphansi we-oda (ama-MOQ) wokupakisha ngesikhathi sokushintsha samahora angu-40 kanye nesikhathi sokuthunyelwa samahora angu-24.
Ama-valve okukhipha umoya aphinde asetshenziswe ngokuphelele futhi angenayo i-BPA ayatholakala;zingase zigaywe kabusha nesiqukathi sekhofi.Lawa mavalvu awenzi nje kuphela umkhiqizo osebenziseka kalula kubathengi kodwa futhi anciphisa imiphumela eyingozi yokupakishwa kwekhofi endaweni ezungezile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-29-2022