Bioplastique ikozwe muri bio-polymers kandi ikorwa hifashishijwe umutungo urambye kandi ushobora kuvugururwa, nkibigori cyangwa ibisheke.
Bioplastique ikora hafi ya plastiki ikozwe muri peteroli, kandi irahita ibarenga mubyamamare nkibikoresho byo gupakira.Ubuhanuzi bugaragara bwatanzwe n'abahanga ni uko bioplastique ishobora kugabanya imyuka ya karuboni igera kuri 70%.Zifite kandi ingufu zingana na 65% mugihe zakozwe, bigatuma amahitamo arengera ibidukikije.
Nubwo hariho ubundi bwoko bwinshi bwa bioplastique, aside polylactique (PLA) ishingiye kubipfunyika nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane.Ku bakariso bashaka ibikoresho byiza ariko byangiza ibidukikije kugirango bapakire ikawa yabo, PLA ifite amahirwe menshi.
Ariko, kubera ko imifuka yikawa ya PLA isubirwamo gusa kandi ikabora ibinyabuzima mugihe cyihariye, birashobora kwibasirwa nicyatsi.Ikariso hamwe nikawawa bigomba kumenyesha abakiriya imiterere yububiko bwa PLA no kujugunywa neza kuko amategeko agenga inganda zikomoka ku binyabuzima zikura vuba.
Komeza usome kugirango wige uburyo bwo kuvugana nabaguzi igihe bifata kugirango imifuka yikawa ya PLA isenyuke.
PLA?
Ubucuruzi bwa fibre synthique yahinduwe na Wallace Carothers, umunyamerika w’imiti n’umuhimbyi, uzwi cyane mu guteza imbere nylon na polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Byongeye kandi, yasanze PLA.Carothers hamwe nabandi bahanga basanze aside ya lactique isukuye ishobora guhinduka no guhuzwa muri polymers.
Kurinda ibiryo gakondo, uburyohe, hamwe nubuvuzi bukiza birimo aside ya lactique.Mu kuyisya hamwe na krahisi hamwe na polysaccharide cyangwa isukari nyinshi mu bimera, irashobora guhinduka polymers.
Ibisubizo bya polymer birashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibintu bidafite ubumara, biodegradable thermoplastique filaments.
Kurwanya ubukanishi nubushyuhe ariko birabujijwe.Kubera iyo mpamvu, yatakaje polyethylene terephthalate, yari iboneka cyane muri kiriya gihe.
Nubwo bimeze gurtyo, PLA irashobora gukoreshwa muri biomedicine kubera uburemere buke hamwe na biocompatibilité, cyane cyane nkibikoresho byubwubatsi bwa tissue scafold, suture, cyangwa screw.
Ibi bintu birashobora kuguma mumwanya muto mbere yo kwangirika ubwabyo kandi nta nkurikizi tubikesha PLA.
Nyuma yigihe, byagaragaye ko guhuza PLA hamwe na krahisi yihariye bishobora kuzamura imikorere yayo hamwe na biodegradabilite mugihe bigabanya ibiciro byumusaruro.Ibi byagize uruhare mu gukora firime ya PLA ishobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa byoroshye iyo bihujwe no gutera inshinge hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gutunganya ibishonga.
Abashakashatsi bateganya ko PLA izahinduka igiciro cyiza cyo gutanga umusaruro, iyi ikaba ari inkuru nziza kuri kawa na kawa.
Mu gihe icyifuzo cyo gupakira cyoroshye cyiyongera bitewe n’uko abakiriya bahitamo ibikoresho byo gupakira ibidukikije ndetse n’ibishobora gukoreshwa, isoko rya PLA ku isi riteganijwe kurenga miliyoni 2.7 $ mu 2030.
Byongeye kandi, PLA irashobora gukorwa mu myanda y’ubuhinzi n’amashyamba kugirango yirinde guhangana n’ibiribwa.
Bifata igihe kingana iki kugirango imifuka ya kawa ya PLA isenyuke?
Polimeri gakondo ikozwe muri peteroli irashobora gufata imyaka igihumbi kugirango ibore.
Ubundi, gusenyuka kwa PLA muri dioxyde de carbone (CO2) namazi bishobora gufata igihe cyose kuva kumezi atandatu kugeza kumyaka ibiri.
Nubwo bimeze gurtyo, ibikoresho byo gukusanya PLA biracyahinduka mubucuruzi bugenda bwiyongera.16% gusa by’imyanda ishobora gukusanywa mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.
Bitewe nuko ubwinshi bwibipfunyika bya PLA, birashoboka ko byanduza imigezi itandukanye, kuvanga na plastiki zisanzwe, bikarangirira mumyanda cyangwa gutwika.
Imifuka ya kawa ikozwe muri PLA igomba kujugunywa mu kigo cyihariye cyo gufumbira inganda aho zishobora kubora.Bitewe nubushyuhe runaka bwubushyuhe nubunini bwa karubone, ogisijeni, na azote, iki gikorwa gishobora gufata iminsi 180.
Niba ipaki ya PLA idatesha agaciro muribi bihe, inzira irashobora kubyara microplastique, mbi kubidukikije.
Kuberako gupakira ikawa bidakunze kubakwa mubintu bimwe, inzira iragorana.Kurugero, ubwinshi bwimifuka yikawa ifite zipper, amabati, cyangwa indangagaciro.
Irashobora kandi gutondekwa kugirango itange urwego rwinyongera rwo kwirwanaho.Bitewe nuko bishoboka ko buri kintu kigomba gutunganywa ukwacyo, ibintu nkibi birashobora gutuma imifuka yikawa ya PLA igorana kuyijugunya.
Gukoresha imifuka ya kawa ya PLA
Kuri roaster nyinshi, gukoresha PLA mugupakira ikawa nuburyo bworoshye kandi bushinzwe.
Kuba ikawa yubutaka hamwe nikawa ikaranze nibicuruzwa byumye nibyiza cyane.Ibi byerekana ko imifuka yikawa ya PLA itazakenera kozwa nyuma yo kuyikoresha kuko idafite umwanda.
Byongeye kandi, abakiriya barashobora kwinjizwa mu gikarito hamwe n’amaduka y’ikawa kugirango bafashe gukumira ibicuruzwa bya PLA bitarangirira mu myanda. Abakiriya bagomba kumenya neza imifuka y’ikawa ya PLA igomba gushyirwaho nyuma yo kuyikoresha.Gucapa gutunganya no gutandukanya amabwiriza yo gupakira ikawa bizabigeraho.
Roaster hamwe nikawawa birashobora gushishikariza abaguzi gusubiza ibyo bapakiye ubusa kugirango bagure ikawa yagabanijwe niba nta bikoresho byegeranye byo gukusanya no gutunganya PLA.
Ba nyir'ubucuruzi barashobora kwemeza neza ko imifuka ya kawa ya PLA yakoreshejwe igezwa ku kigo gikwiye cyo gutunganya.
Birashobora kuba byoroshye guta ibikoresho bya PLA mugihe cya vuba.Ikigaragara ni uko ibihugu 175 byiyemeje guhagarika umwanda wa plastike mu Nteko y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ibidukikije mu 2022.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, leta nyinshi zishobora gushora imari mu bikorwa remezo bikenewe mu gukora bioplastique.
Urugendo rwo gufata ibinyabuzima rugenda rwiyongera kuko imyanda ya pulasitike ikomeje kwangiza ibidukikije kandi bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu n’inyamaswa.
Mugukorana ninzobere mu gupakira ikawa, urashobora gushyira mubikorwa ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije bifite ingaruka rwose kandi bidatera ibibazo bishya kubantu.
Imifuka yikawa itandukanye ya CYANPAK iraboneka hamwe na PLA imbere.Abakiriya barashobora guhitamo igisubizo cyuzuye mugihe gihujwe nimpapuro.
Dutanga kandi ibipfunyika byifumbire mvaruganda, ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika, kandi bigasubirwamo bikozwe mubishobora kuvugururwa, nkimpapuro z'umuceri.
Byongeye kandi, turashobora gukoresha icapiro rya digitale kugirango duhindure imifuka yikawa kuburyo zirimo gutunganya no gutandukanya amabwiriza.Ntakibazo cyaba kingana cyangwa ibikoresho, turashobora gutanga byibuze byibuze byateganijwe (MOQs) byo gupakira hamwe nigihe cyo guhinduranya amasaha 40 nigihe cyo kohereza amasaha 24.
Impanuka zo kumanura zishobora gukoreshwa rwose kandi zidafite BPA nazo zirahari;barashobora gutunganyirizwa hamwe nibindi bikoresho bya kawa.Iyi mibande ntabwo ikora ibicuruzwa byorohereza abakoresha gusa ahubwo binagabanya ingaruka mbi ziterwa nikawawa kubidukikije.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Ugushyingo-29-2022