I-Bioplastics yenziwe ngeepolima ezisekelwe kwi-bio kwaye ziveliswa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezizinzileyo nezinokuhlaziywa, ezifana nombona okanye ummoba.
I-Bioplastics isebenza phantse ngokufanayo kwiiplastiki ezenziwe ngepetroleum, kwaye zikhawuleza zigqithise ngokuthandwa njengempahla yokupakisha.Uqikelelo oluphawulekayo lwezazinzulu kukuba i-bioplastics inokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside ukuya kuthi ga kwi-70%.Zikwasebenzisa amandla ngama-65% ngaphezulu xa zisenziwa, nto leyo ezenza zibe lolona khetho lunoxanduva lokusingqongileyo.
Nangona zininzi ezinye iintlobo ze-bioplastics, i-polylactic acid (PLA)-based packaging yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa rhoqo.Kubantu abarosayo abafuna into entle kodwa enoxanduva lokusingqongileyo ukuze bapakishe ikofu yabo, iPLA inamathuba amakhulu kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba iingxowa zekhofi ze-PLA zihlaziywa kuphela kwaye zihlaziywa phantsi kweemeko ezithile, zisengozini yokuhlanjululwa.Ii-roasters kunye neecafe zekofu kufuneka zazise abathengi malunga nobume be-PLA yokupakishwa kunye nokulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo njengoko umthetho ufikelela kwishishini elikhula ngokukhawuleza le-bioplastics.
Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde indlela yokunxibelelana nabathengi ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba iingxowa zekofu zePLA ziqhekeke.
PLA?
Ishishini lefiber eyenziwe yatshintshwa nguWallace Carothers, i-American chemist kunye nomqambi, owaziwa kakhulu ngokuphuhlisa inayiloni kunye ne-polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Ukongeza, wafumana i-PLA.I-Carothers kunye nezinye izazinzulu zafumanisa ukuba i-lactic acid ecocekileyo inokuguqulwa kwaye idityaniswe kwiipolymers.
Izilondolozo zokutya eziqhelekileyo, iziqholo, kunye neearhente zokunyanga ziquka i-lactic acid.Ngokuyibilisa ngestatshi kunye nezinye iipolysaccharides okanye iswekile eninzi kwizityalo, inokuguqulwa ibe yi-polymers.
Isiphumo sepolima sinokusetyenziselwa ukwenza imicu ye-thermoplastic engenabungozi, enokubola.
Noko ke, ukuxhathisa kwayo ngoomatshini kunye nobushushu kuyanyanzeliswa.Ngenxa yoko, yalahlekelwa yi-polyethylene terephthalate, eyayifumaneka ngokubanzi ngelo xesha.
Ngaphandle koku, i-PLA inokuqeshwa kwi-biomedicine ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphantsi kunye ne-biocompatibility, ngakumbi njengesixhobo sobunjineli be-tissue scaffold, sutures, okanye izikrufu.
Ezi zinto zinokuhlala kwindawo okwethutyana phambi kokuba zithobeke ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ngaphandle kokwenzakala ngenxa ye-PLA.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukudibanisa i-PLA kunye nesitatshi esithile kunokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokonakala kwezinto eziphilayo ngelixa kuncitshiswa iindleko zemveliso.Oku kube negalelo ekudalweni kwefilimu yePLA enokusetyenziswa ukwenza ukupakishwa okubhetyebhetye xa kudityaniswe nesitofu sokubumba kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokunyibilika.
Abaphandi balindele ukuba i-PLA iya kuba nexabiso elithe kratya lokuvelisa, ezo ziindaba ezimnandi kwiivenkile zekofu kunye neeroasters.
Njengoko imfuno yokupakishwa ebhetyebhetye inyuka ngenxa yokhetho lwabathengi kwizinto ezilungele ukusingqongileyo kunye nezixhobo zokupakisha ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, imakethi ye-PLA yehlabathi jikelele kulindeleke ukuba idlule kwi-2.7 yezigidi zeedola ngo-2030.
Ukongeza, i-PLA inokwenziwa ngenkunkuma yezolimo namahlathi ukunqanda ukukhuphisana nemithombo yokutya.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba iibhegi zekofu ze-PLA ziqhekeke?
Iipholima zemveli ezenziwe ngepetroleum zinokuthatha ukuya kutsho kwiwaka leminyaka ukubola.
Kungenjalo, ukophuka kwe-PLA ibe yikharbon diokside (CO2) kunye namanzi kunokuthatha naphi na ukusuka kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwiminyaka emibini.
Ngaphandle koku, izibonelelo zokuqokelela iPLA zisalungelelaniswa neshishini elikhulayo le-bioplastics.Kuphela yi-16% yenkunkuma enokuthi iqokelelwe kwi-European Union.
Ngenxa yokuxhaphaka kokupakishwa kwePLA, kuyenzeka ukuba ingcolise imijelo eyahlukeneyo yenkunkuma, ixube neeplastiki eziqhelekileyo, kwaye iphele kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma okanye kwizitshisi.
Iingxowa zekofu ezenziwe ngePLA kufuneka zilahlwe kwindawo ekhethekileyo yokwenziwa komgquba kwimizi-mveliso apho zinokubola ngokupheleleyo.Ngenxa yeqela elithile lamaqondo obushushu kunye nezixa zecarbon, ioksijini, nenitrogen, le nkqubo inokuthabatha iintsuku ezili-180.
Ukuba ukupakishwa kwe-PLA akuthobi phantsi kwezi meko, inkqubo inokuvelisa ii-microplastics, ezingalunganga kwindalo.
Ngenxa yokuba ukupakishwa kwekofu kunqabile ukuba kwakhiwe kwinto enye, inkqubo iba nzima ngakumbi.Ngokomzekelo, uninzi lweebhegi zekofu zineziphu, izibophelelo zeenkonkxa, okanye iivalve zokukhupha amanzi.
Isenokufakwa emgceni ukunika umaleko owongezelelweyo wokhuselo lomqobo.Ngenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba icandelo ngalinye kufuneka liqhutywe ngokwahlukileyo, izinto ezifana nezi zingenza ukuba iingxowa zekhofi ze-PLA zibe nzima ukulahla.
Ukusebenzisa iingxowa zekofu ze-PLA
Kwiiroasters ezininzi, ukusebenzisa i-PLA ukupakisha ikofu yindlela efanelekileyo kunye nenoxanduva.
Inyani yokuba zombini ikofu egayiweyo kunye neyosiweyo zizinto ezomileyo ziluncedo olukhulu.Oku kubonisa ukuba iingxowa zekofu ze-PLA aziyi kufuna ukucocwa emva kokusetyenziswa kuba azinangcoliseko.
Ukongeza, abathengi banokuqeshwa ngabashicileli kunye neevenkile zekofu ukunceda ukuthintela ukupakishwa kwe-PLA ukuba kuphele kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma.Abathengi kufuneka baqonde ukuba zeziphi iibhegi zekofu ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisetyenzisiweyo ekufuneka zifakwe emva kokusetyenziswa.Ukushicilela kwakhona kunye nemiyalelo yokwahlula kwipakethe yekofu kuya kuphumeza oku.
Ii-roasters kunye neevenkile zekofu zinokukhuthaza abathengi ukuba babuyisele ukupakishwa kwabo okungenanto ngokutshintshiselana nekofu ethotyiweyo ukuba akukho zixhobo ezikufutshane zokuqokelela kunye nokusebenza kwe-PLA.
Abanini bamashishini banokuthi ke baqinisekise ukuba iingxowa zekofu ze-PLA ezisetyenzisiweyo zisiwe kwiziko elililo lokurisayikilisha.
Kunokuba lula ukulahla ukupakishwa kwe-PLA kungekudala.Ngokucacileyo, amazwe ali-175 enza isibophelelo sokumisa ungcoliseko lwazo lweplastiki kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yokusiNgqongileyo ngo-2022.
Ngenxa yoko, oorhulumente abaninzi banokwenza utyalo-mali kwixesha elizayo kwiziseko ezifunekayo ukuvelisa i-bioplastics.
Intshukumo eya ekwamkeleni i-bioplastics iya isanda njengoko inkunkuma yeplastiki iqhubeka nokutshabalalisa okusingqongileyo kwaye ichaphazela impilo yabantu neyezilwanyana.
Ngokusebenzisana nengcaphephe yokupakisha ikofu, unokuphumeza ukupakishwa kwe-eco-friendly enefuthe lokwenene kwaye engabangeli miba mitsha nakubani na.
Iintlobo zeengxowa zekhofi ezivela kwi-CYANPAK ziyafumaneka kunye ne-PLA yangaphakathi.Abathengi banokukhetha isisombululo esine-compostable ngokupheleleyo xa sidibene nephepha le-kraft.
Sikwabonelela ngokupakishwa okuvundisiweyo, okubolekwayo, kunye nenokurisayiklishwa eyenziwe ngemithombo ehlaziyekayo, efana nephepha lerayisi.
Ukongeza, sinokusebenzisa ushicilelo lwedijithali ukwenza ngokwezifiso iibhegi zekofu ukuze zibandakanye ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokwahlula imiyalelo.Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubungakanani okanye izinto eziphathekayo, sinokunikezela ngemilinganiselo ephantsi ye-odolo (MOQs) yokupakisha kunye nexesha lokuguqula iiyure ze-40 kunye nexesha lokuthunyelwa kweeyure ze-24.
Iivalvu zokukhupha amanzi eziphinda zisetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ezingenayo i-BPA zikwakhona;zinokuphinda zisetyenziselwe enye inkonkxa yekofu.Ezi zivalo azenzi nje imveliso esebenziseka lula kubathengi kodwa zinciphisa iziphumo ezinobungozi zokupakishwa kwekofu kokusingqongileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-29-2022