Ma bioplastics amapangidwa ndi ma polima opangidwa ndi bio ndipo amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokhazikika komanso zongowonjezedwanso, monga chimanga kapena nzimbe.
Ma bioplastics amagwira ntchito mofanana ndi mapulasitiki opangidwa kuchokera ku petroleum, ndipo amawapeza mwachangu ngati choyikapo.Zoneneratu zodziwika bwino za asayansi ndikuti bioplastics imatha kuchepetsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide ndi 70%.Amakhalanso ndi 65% yowonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi akamapangidwa, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala njira yodalirika kwambiri ndi chilengedwe.
Ngakhale pali mitundu ina yambiri ya bioplastics, zotengera za polylactic acid (PLA) ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Kwa okazinga omwe akufunafuna zinthu zokongola koma zosamalira zachilengedwe kuti azipaka khofi wawo, PLA ili ndi mwayi waukulu.
Komabe, chifukwa PLA matumba khofi ndi recyclable ndi biodegradable pansi zinthu zina, iwo ali pachiwopsezo greenwashing.Owotcha khofi ndi malo odyera khofi ayenera kudziwitsa makasitomala za momwe PLA imayikamo ndikutayira koyenera chifukwa malamulowo akufikira gawo lomwe likukula mwachangu la bioplastics.
Pitilizani kuwerenga kuti mudziwe momwe mungalankhulire ndi makasitomala kuti zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti matumba a khofi a PLA awonongeke.
Kodi PLA ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Bizinesi yopangidwa ndi fiber idasinthidwa ndi Wallace Carothers, wasayansi waku America komanso woyambitsa, yemwe amadziwika kwambiri popanga nayiloni ndi polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Kuphatikiza apo, adapeza PLA.Carothers ndi asayansi ena adapeza kuti lactic acid yoyera imatha kusinthidwa ndikupangidwa kukhala ma polima.
Zosungira zakudya zachikhalidwe, zokometsera, ndi zochiritsa zimaphatikizapo lactic acid.Pothirira ndi wowuma ndi ma polysaccharides ena kapena shuga wochuluka muzomera, amatha kusinthidwa kukhala ma polima.
Polima wotsatira atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ulusi wopanda poizoni, wowola ndi biodegradable thermoplastic filaments.
Kukaniza kwake kwamakina ndi kutentha kumakhalabe kochepa.Chifukwa chake, idataya polyethylene terephthalate, yomwe inalipo kwambiri panthawiyo.
Ngakhale izi, PLA itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu biomedicine chifukwa cha kulemera kwake kochepa komanso kuyanjana kwachilengedwe, makamaka ngati zida zopangira uinjiniya, zomangira, kapena zomangira.
Zinthuzi zimatha kukhalapo kwakanthawi zisanawonongeke zokha komanso popanda kuwonongeka chifukwa cha PLA.
Pakapita nthawi, zidapezeka kuti kuphatikiza PLA ndi zowuma zina zitha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ake komanso kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe ndikuchepetsa ndalama zopangira.Izi zinapangitsa kuti pakhale filimu ya PLA yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zolembera zosinthika zikaphatikizidwa ndi jekeseni ndi njira zina zosungunulira.
Ofufuza akuyembekeza kuti PLA idzakhala yokwera mtengo kwambiri kuti ipange, yomwe ndi nkhani yabwino kwa malo odyera khofi ndi okazinga.
Pomwe kufunikira kwa ma CD osinthika kumakwera chifukwa cha kusankha kwamakasitomala pazosunga zachilengedwe komanso zobwezerezedwanso, msika wapadziko lonse wa PLA ukuyembekezeka kupitilira $2.7 miliyoni pofika 2030.
Kuphatikiza apo, PLA ikhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku zinyalala zaulimi ndi nkhalango kupewa kupikisana ndi magwero a chakudya.
Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti matumba a khofi a PLA awole?
Ma polima achikale opangidwa kuchokera ku petroleum amatha kutenga zaka chikwi kuti awole.
Mwinanso, kuwonongeka kwa PLA kukhala mpweya woipa (CO2) ndi madzi zimatha kutenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka zaka ziwiri.
Ngakhale izi, malo osonkhanitsira a PLA akusinthabe bizinesi yomwe ikukula ya bioplastics.16% yokha ya zinyalala zomwe zitha kusonkhanitsidwa tsopano ku European Union.
Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa ma CD a PLA, ndizotheka kuti awononge mitsinje yosiyanasiyana ya zinyalala, kusakaniza ndi mapulasitiki wamba, ndikumaliza m'malo otayirako kapena zowotcha.
Matumba a khofi opangidwa ndi PLA ayenera kutayidwa pamalo apadera opangira manyowa omwe amatha kuwola.Chifukwa cha kutentha kwenikweni ndi kuchuluka kwa carbon, oxygen, ndi nitrogen, zimenezi zingatenge masiku 180.
Ngati kuyika kwa PLA sikuwonongeka pazifukwa izi, njirayi imatha kupanga ma microplastics, omwe ndi oyipa kwa chilengedwe.
Chifukwa choyikapo khofi sichimapangidwa kawirikawiri kuchokera ku chinthu chimodzi, njirayi imakhala yovuta kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, matumba ambiri a khofi amakhala ndi zipper, zomangira malata, kapena ma valve ochotsa mpweya.
Ikhozanso kuikidwa pamzere kuti ipereke gawo lina la chitetezo chotchinga.Chifukwa chotheka kuti gawo lililonse liyenera kukonzedwa mosiyana, zinthu ngati izi zitha kupangitsa kuti matumba a khofi a PLA akhale ovuta kutaya.
Kugwiritsa ntchito matumba a khofi a PLA
Kwa okazinga ambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito PLA kuyika khofi ndi njira yothandiza komanso yothandiza zachilengedwe.
Phindu limodzi lalikulu ndilakuti khofi wothira ndi wokazinga ndi zinthu zouma.Izi zikutanthauza kuti mukagwiritsidwa ntchito, matumba a khofi a PLA alibe zowononga ndipo safunikira kutsukidwa.
Makasitomala atha kuthandizanso owotcha komanso masitolo ogulitsa khofi kutsimikizira kuti zotengera za PLA sizimathera kutayirako.Makasitomala akuyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ndi zikwama ziti zobwezereranso khofi za PLA zomwe ziyenera kuyikidwa mukatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Izi zitha kuchitika poyika malangizo olekanitsa ndi kubwezanso pamapaketi a khofi.
Ngati m'derali mulibe malo osonkhanitsira ndi kukonza zinthu za PLA, owotcha ndi malo odyera khofi amatha kulimbikitsa ogula kuti abweze zonyamula zawo zopanda kanthu kuti agule khofi wotchipa.
Kenako, oyang'anira kampani akhoza kutsimikizira kuti matumba a khofi a PLA opanda kanthu amatumizidwa kumalo oyenera obwezeretsanso.
Kutaya mapaketi a PLA kungakhale kosavuta posachedwa.Makamaka, mayiko 175 adalonjeza kuti asiya kuyipitsa pulasitiki ku United Nations Environment Assembly mu 2022.
Zotsatira zake, m'tsogolomu, maboma ochulukirapo atha kuyika ndalama pazinthu zofunikira kuti agwiritse ntchito bioplastics.
Gulu lofuna kugwiritsa ntchito bioplastics likukulirakulira pomwe zinyalala za pulasitiki zikupitilira kuwononga chilengedwe komanso kukhudza thanzi la anthu ndi nyama.
Pogwira ntchito ndi katswiri wazolongedza khofi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zopaka zokometsera zachilengedwe zomwe zili ndi phindu ndipo sizimayambitsa zovuta zatsopano kwa aliyense.
Cyan Pak amagulitsa matumba osiyanasiyana a khofi omwe amatha kusinthidwa ndi PLA mkati.Zikaphatikizidwa ndi pepala la kraft, zimapanga chisankho chosawonongeka kwathunthu kwa makasitomala.
Zopaka zathu zilinso ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kubwezeretsedwanso, zowola, komanso zopangidwa ndi kompositi ngati pepala la mpunga, zomwe zonse zimapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zongowonjezedwanso.
Kuphatikiza apo, titha kugwiritsa ntchito kusindikiza kwa digito kuti tisinthe matumba a khofi kukhala makonda ake okhala ndi malangizo olekanitsa komanso obwezeretsanso.Titha kukupatsirani kuchuluka kocheperako (MOQs) pakulongedza kwamtundu uliwonse kapena zinthu.
Ma valve ochotsa mpweya omwe amatha kubwezeretsedwanso komanso opanda BPA amapezekanso;atha kusinthidwanso ndi chidebe chotsalira cha khofi.Mavavuwa samangopanga chinthu chomwe chimakhala chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kwa ogula komanso chimachepetsanso zotsatira zoyipa za kulongedza khofi pa chilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-19-2023