Ama-Bioplastics enziwe ngama-polymers asekelwe ku-bio futhi akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izinsiza eziqhubekayo nezivuselelekayo, njengommbila noma umoba.
Ama-Bioplastics asebenza cishe ngokulinganayo kumapulasitiki enziwe nge-petroleum, futhi adlula ngokushesha ekudumeni kwawo njengempahla yokupakisha.Isibikezelo esiphawulekayo esivela kososayensi ukuthi i-bioplastics ingase inciphise ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide cishe ngama-70%.Ziphinde zisebenzise amandla amaningi ngo-65% uma zikhiqizwa, okuwenza abe yinketho ebhekelela kakhulu imvelo.
Nakuba zikhona ezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-bioplastics, i-polylactic acid (PLA)-based packaging iwuhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu.Kulabo abarosayo abafuna into enhle kodwa enomthwalo wemfanelo kwimvelo ukuze bapakishe ikhofi labo, i-PLA inamathuba amakhulu kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi izikhwama zekhofi ze-PLA ziyakwazi ukuphinda zisetshenziswe futhi zibola phansi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, zisengozini yokuwashwa ngokuluhlaza.Ama-roasters namakhofi ekhofi kufanele azise amakhasimende ngesimo sokupakishwa kwe-PLA kanye nokulahlwa okufanele njengoba umthetho ufinyelela emkhakheni okhula ngokushesha we-bioplastics.
Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungaxhumana kanjani namakhasimende ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi izikhwama zekhofi ze-PLA zihlakazeke.
Iyini ngempela i-PLA?
Ibhizinisi le-fiber yokwenziwa lashintshwa nguWallace Carothers, usosayensi nomsunguli waseMelika, owaziwa kakhulu ngokwakha inayiloni ne-polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, wathola i-PLA.I-Carothers nabanye ososayensi bathola ukuthi i-lactic acid emsulwa ingaguqulwa futhi ihlanganiswe ibe ama-polymer.
Izinqamuleli zokudla zendabuko, izinambitheka, nama-ejenti okwelapha zihlanganisa i-lactic acid.Ngokuyivubela ngesitashi namanye ama-polysaccharides noma ushukela omningi ezitshalweni, ingaguqulwa ibe ama-polymers.
I-polymer ewumphumela ingase isetshenziselwe ukwakha imicu ye-thermoplastic engenabuthi, ebolayo.
Ukumelana kwayo ngomshini nokushisa nokho kunomkhawulo.Ngenxa yalokho, yalahlekelwa i-polyethylene terephthalate, eyayitholakala kabanzi ngaleso sikhathi.
Naphezu kwalokhu, i-PLA ingase isetshenziswe ku-biomedicine ngenxa yesisindo sayo esiphansi kanye nokuvumelana kwe-biocompatibility, ikakhulukazi njengempahla yobunjiniyela bezicubu, ama-sutures, noma izikulufu.
Lezi zinto zingahlala endaweni isikhashana ngaphambi kokululaza ngokuzenzekelayo futhi ngaphandle kokulimala ngenxa ye-PLA.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwatholakala ukuthi ukuhlanganisa i-PLA nesitashi esithile kungase kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwayo kanye nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo kuyilapho kunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.Lokhu kube nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwefilimu ye-PLA engase isetshenziselwe ukwenza ukupakishwa okuvumelana nezimo uma kuhlanganiswe nokubumba umjovo nezinye izindlela zokuncibilika.
Abacwaningi balindele ukuthi i-PLA izoba nenani elithe xaxa ukuze ikhiqizwe, okuyizindaba ezinhle zamakhofi namarosa.
Njengoba isidingo sokupakishwa esivumelana nezimo sikhuphuka ngenxa yokukhethwa kwamakhasimende kwezinto zokupakisha ezinobungani bemvelo neziphinde zigaywe kabusha, imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-PLA kulindeleke ukuthi idlule ku-$2.7 million ngo-2030.
Ukwengeza, i-PLA ingenziwa ngemfucuza yezolimo nezamahlathi ukugwema ukuncintisana nemithombo yokudla.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi izikhwama zekhofi ze-PLA zibole?
Ama-polymers endabuko enziwe nge-petroleum angathatha iminyaka eyinkulungwane ukubola.
Okunye, ukuhlukana kwe-PLA ibe yi-carbon dioxide (CO2) kanye namanzi kungase kuthathe noma yikuphi kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni emibili.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izindawo zokuqoqa i-PLA zisalungisa ibhizinisi elikhulayo le-bioplastics.I-16% kuphela yemfucumfucu engase iqoqwe manje e-European Union.
Ngenxa yokuvama kokupakishwa kwe-PLA, kuyenzeka ukuthi kungcolise imifudlana ehlukahlukene yemfucuza, kuxutshwe namapulasitiki avamile, bese kuphelela ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu noma ezishiseni.
Izikhwama zekhofi ezenziwe nge-PLA kufanele zilahlwe endaweni ekhethekile yokwenza umquba wezimboni lapho zingase zibole ngokuphelele.Ngenxa yesethi ethile yamazinga okushisa anembile namanani ekhabhoni, umoya-mpilo, ne-nitrogen, le nqubo ingathatha izinsuku ezingafika kweziyi-180.
Uma ukupakishwa kwe-PLA kungonakalisi ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, inqubo ingase ikhiqize ama-microplastic, angalungile endaweni ezungezile.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukupakishwa kwekhofi akuvamile ukwakhiwa ngento eyodwa, inqubo iba nzima kakhulu.Isibonelo, izikhwama eziningi zekhofi zihlanganisa iziphu, othayi bamathayela, noma ama-valve okukhipha umoya.
Ingase futhi ifakwe kulayini ukuze inikeze isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela isithiyo.Ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye idinga ukucutshungulwa ngokuhlukana, izici ezifana nalezi zingenza izikhwama zekhofi ze-PLA kube nzima ukuzilahla.
Ukusebenzisa izikhwama zekhofi ze-PLA
Kwabagazingi abaningi, ukusebenzisa i-PLA ukupakisha ikhofi kuyindlela esebenzayo futhi enobungani bemvelo.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukuthi kokubili ikhofi eligayiwe nelogazingiwe kuyimikhiqizo eyomile.Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngemuva kokusetshenziswa, izikhwama zekhofi ze-PLA azinawo ukungcola futhi azidingi ukuhlanzwa.
Amakhasimende angase futhi asize amarosa kanye nezitolo zekhofi ziqinisekise ukuthi ukupakishwa kwe-PLA akupheli ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu.Amakhasimende kufanele aqonde ukuthi yiziphi izikhwama zekhofi zomgqomo we-PLA wokugaya kabusha okufanele zifakwe ngemva kokusetshenziswa.Lokhu kungase kufezwe ngokubeka imiyalelo yokuhlukanisa kanye nokugaywa kabusha emaphaketheni ekhofi.
Uma kungekho zindawo zokuqoqa nezokucutshungulwa ze-PLA ezitholakala endaweni, amarosa namakhofi ekhofi angase akhuthaze abathengi ukuthi babuyisele amaphakheji abo angenalutho ukuze bathole ikhofi elishibhile.
Bese, abaphathi benkampani bangaqinisekisa ukuthi izikhwama zekhofi ze-PLA ezingenalutho zithunyelwa endaweni efanele yokugaywa kabusha.
Ukulahlwa kwephakheji ye-PLA kungase kube lula esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.Ngokuphawulekayo, amazwe angu-175 athembisa ukumisa ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki eMhlanganweni Wezemvelo WeZizwe Ezihlangene ngo-2022.
Ngenxa yalokho, esikhathini esizayo, ohulumeni abaningi bangase batshale imali engqalasizinda edingekayo ukuze kucutshungulwe i-bioplastics.
Umnyakazo wokwamukela ama-bioplastic uya udlondlobala njengoba imfucuza yepulasitiki iqhubeka nokucekela phansi imvelo futhi ithinte impilo yabantu neyezilwane.
Ngokusebenzisana nochwepheshe bokupakisha ikhofi, ungasebenzisa ukupakisha okuvumelana nemvelo okunomthelela wangempela futhi okungabangeli izinkinga ezintsha kunoma ubani.
I-Cyan Pak ithengisa izikhwama zekhofi ezihlukahlukene ezingahle zenziwe ngezifiso nge-PLA yangaphakathi.Uma ihlanganiswe nephepha le-kraft, idala ukukhetha okungabola ngokuphelele kumakhasimende.
Ukupakisha kwethu kuqukethe izinto ezigaywa kabusha, ezibolayo, nezivundisekayo njengephepha lerayisi, konke okukhiqizwe ngezinto ezivuselelekayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, singasebenzisa ukuphrinta kwedijithali ukwenza izikhwama zekhofi zibe ngezomuntu siqu ngokuzihlukanisa kanye neziyalezo zokugaywa kabusha.Singahlinzeka ngamanani aphansi we-oda elincane (ama-MOQ) wokupakishwa kwanoma yimuphi usayizi noma impahla.
Ama-valve okukhipha umoya aphinde asetshenziswe ngokuphelele futhi angenayo i-BPA ayatholakala;zingase zigaywe kabusha nesiqukathi sekhofi.Lawa mavalvu awenzi nje kuphela umkhiqizo osebenziseka kalula kubathengi kodwa futhi anciphisa imiphumela eyingozi yokupakishwa kwekhofi endaweni ezungezile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-19-2023